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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Digital Equipment Corporation. -->
<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Hewlett-Packard Company. -->
<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 International Business Machines Corp. -->
<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Hitachi. -->
<chapter id="UG.UTrmE.div.1">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.1">Using Terminal</title>
<para>A terminal emulator displays a window that allows
you to enter operating system commands, use UNIX commands,
and copy and paste text.<indexterm><primary>terminal emulator</primary><secondary>definitionof</secondary></indexterm>
</para>
<informaltable id="UG.UTrmE.itbl.1" frame="All">
<tgroup cols="1">
<colspec colname="1" colwidth="4.0 in">
<tbody>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Default Desktop Terminal Emulator248'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.2"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Starting a Terminal Window248'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.3"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'To Close a Terminal Window251'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.4"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Using a Terminal Window251'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.5"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Running dtterm on Another System253'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.6"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Customizing dtterm255'--><xref role="JumpText"
linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.7"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'dtterm Global Options256'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.8"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'dtterm Terminal Options261'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.11"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Terminal Control Characters267'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.12"></para></entry></row>
<row rowsep="1">
<entry><para><!--Original XRef content: 'Changing the Default Terminal Emulator268'--><xref
role="JumpText" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.14"></para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup>
</informaltable>
<note>
<para>Illustrations shown in this chapter were taken from the default CDE
screens. Your screens may be different from the illustrations if you or
your system administrator have customized them.</para>
</note>
<sect1 id="UG.UTrmE.div.2">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.2">Default Desktop Terminal Emulator</title>
<para>The default terminal emulator on the desktop is <command>dtterm</command>.
The <command>dtterm</command> terminal emulator emulates that portion of
the VT220 terminal that is consistent with ANSI and ISO standards.</para>
<indexterm><primary>default terminal emulator</primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>terminal emulator</primary><secondary>default</secondary></indexterm>
<para>The <command>dtterm</command> command-line prompt is a special character that
is displayed in the left margin of your terminal emulator. It can be a ``%'',
``&lt;`', ``$'', or another special character. A small box or bar, called
a <symbol role="Variable">cursor</symbol>, shows where characters will appear
in the window when you type something on the keyboard.</para>
<indexterm><primary><command>dtterm</command></primary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>terminal emulator</primary></indexterm>
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.1" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.1"></graphic>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.3">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.3">Starting a Terminal Window</title>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>starting</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>starting</primary><secondary>Terminal</secondary></indexterm>
<para>There are several ways you can start a Terminal window:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>From the Front Panel</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>From Application Manager</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>From File Manager</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>From the Window menu</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>From an existing Terminal window</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.4" role="Procedure">
<title>To Start a Terminal Window from the Front Panel</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Click the arrow above the Text Editor control
(or the control that appears as the second one to the left of the workspace
switches) in the Front Panel</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Terminal control in the Personal Applications
subpanel.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.2" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.2"></graphic>
<para>The default Terminal window appears.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.5" role="Procedure">
<title>To Start a Terminal Window from Application Manager</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Click the Application Manager control on the
Front Panel.
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.3" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.3"></graphic>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Double-click Desktop_Apps to open the Desktop_Apps
group.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.4" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.4"></graphic>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Double-click the Terminal icon (you may have
to scroll down to see it).</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.6" role="Procedure">
<title>To Start a Terminal Window from File Manager</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Click the File Manager control on the Front Panel.
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.5" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.5"></graphic>
</para>
<para>The File Manager window appears.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Choose Open Terminal from the File Manager File
menu.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.6" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.6"></graphic>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.7" role="Procedure">
<title>To Start a Terminal Window from the Window Menu</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Choose New from the Window menu of an existing
Terminal window.</para>
<para>An exact replica of the Terminal window appears.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.8" role="Procedure">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.4">To Close a Terminal Window</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Type <command>exit</command> at the command line
and press Return.</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para><emphasis>Or</emphasis>, choose
Exit from the Terminal Window menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para><emphasis>Or</emphasis>, choose Close from the
Window menu (displayed through the button at the upper left of the window
frame).</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<note>
<para>Typing <command>exit</command> at the command line is the preferred
method of closing <command>a</command> Terminal window. The other two methods
don't terminate any background processes you may have started, which can
sometimes cause problems.</para>
</note>
<para>If you started the Terminal window from a command line, you can stop
it by pressing Control+C in the window from which you started it.<indexterm>
<primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>stopping</secondary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>starting</primary><secondary>Terminal &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary>
<secondary>starting &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm></para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="UG.UTrmE.div.9">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.5">Using a Terminal Window</title>
<para>The Terminal window provides a means to start other applications, enter
UNIX commands, and copy and paste text between and within windows.</para>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.10" role="Procedure">
<title>To Start Applications in a Terminal Window</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Type the command to start the application at
the command-line prompt.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para><indexterm><primary>applications</primary><secondary>starting in Terminal
window</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>starting</primary><secondary>applications in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>starting applications in window</secondary></indexterm>The
general syntax for starting an application is:</para>
<programlisting><symbol role="Variable">application</symbol> [ <symbol role="Variable">options</symbol>] &amp;</programlisting>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="74*">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="382*">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">application</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>The application name</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">options</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>A list of optional information to be
passed to the application</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">&amp;</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Indicates that the application runs
in the background; that is, you can continue to use the Terminal window while
the application is also running</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>Refer to the man page or other documentation for each application to
find the command and options to use for that application.</para>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.11">
<title>Example</title>
<para>To start a digital clock from the command line, type</para>
<programlisting>xclock -digital &amp;</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.12" role="Procedure">
<title>To Enter a Command</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Type the command and press Return.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.13">
<title>Examples</title>
<indexterm><primary>entering</primary><secondary>commands in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>entering in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>entering commands in window</secondary></indexterm>
<para>To obtain a list of the files in the current directory, type:</para>
<programlisting>ls [Return]</programlisting>
<para>To obtain a list of the files in the current directory and print it
on the default printer, type:</para>
<programlisting>ls | lp [Return]</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.14" role="Procedure">
<title>To Copy and Paste Text</title>
<indexterm><primary>pasting</primary><secondary>text in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>text</primary><secondary>copying in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>copying</primary><secondary>text in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Use mouse button 1 and drag over the text you
want to move.</para>
<para>The text appears highlighted.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Release mouse button 1 after all the text you want
is highlighted.</para>
<para>The highlighted text is copied to an internal clipboard where it is
kept until another copy occurs. The text is not removed from your original
source.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click mouse button 2 where you want to insert the
text.</para>
<para><indexterm><primary>text</primary><secondary>pasting in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>A copy of the contents of the clipboard is pasted
at the location you indicated. You can make additional copies by repeating
the above steps.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.15" role="Procedure">
<title>To Resize the Window Contents</title>
<para>When you change the size of a Terminal window, applications running
in the window may not know about the resizing. Use this procedure to resize
the application's output.</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>To resize the window contents, type the following
at the command-line prompt:</para>
<programlisting>eval `resize`</programlisting>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>resizing window</secondary>
</indexterm>Note that resize is enclosed within a set of single close quotation
marks rather than double quotation marks.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="UG.UTrmE.div.16">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.6">Running dtterm on Another System</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>running on another
system &lt;$startrange></secondary>
</indexterm>You can run <command>dtterm</command> on another system through
various commands:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>The <filename>-display</filename>
option</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>The <command>rlogin</command> command</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>The <command>remsh</command> command</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.17">
<title>Using the -display Option</title>
<programlisting>-display <symbol role="Variable">host</symbol>: <symbol role="Variable">display</symbol>[.<symbol role="Variable">screen</symbol>]</programlisting>
<para>where</para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="60*">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="396*">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">host</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>The name of a valid system on the network.
</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">display</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>The number of the display on the host.
</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">screen</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><emphasis>Optional</emphasis>. The
screen within the display. The default is 0.</para></entry></row></tbody>
</tgroup></informaltable>
<para>You can find these values by typing <command>env</command>, and examining
the DISPLAY line. The terminal emulator is running on your system, but the
window shows on another system.</para>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.18">
<title>Example</title>
<para>The following command starts a <command>dtterm</command> window on the
host computer named <command>hpcvxdm</command>:</para>
<programlisting>dtterm -display hpcvxdm:0 &amp;</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.19">
<title>Using rlogin</title>
<para>You can use <command>rlogin</command> in an existing Terminal window
to log in to a remote host. Once the window is acting as a terminal to the
remote host, you can run applications there, redirecting the display back
to your system if you desire.</para>
<para>For example, the following command logs onto a system named <command>there</command>, runs the client <command>xload</command>, and redirects
the display back to your original system. Assume your system is named <command>here</command>.</para>
<programlisting>rlogin there
xload -display here:0</programlisting>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.20">
<title>Using remsh</title>
<para>The <command>remsh</command> command starts a shell on a remote host,
performs some client (often starting a terminal emulator on that host), and
redirects the display back to your original system if desired.</para>
<para>It has the syntax:</para>
<programlisting>remsh <symbol role="Variable">remote</symbol> -n <symbol role="Variable">client</symbol> -display <symbol role="Variable">system</symbol>: <symbol role="Variable">display</symbol>[.<symbol role="Variable">screen</symbol>]</programlisting>
<para>where:</para>
<informaltable>
<tgroup cols="2" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="145*">
<colspec align="left" colwidth="311*">
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">remote</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>The remote host name</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">client</symbol></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>The program you want to run on the
remote host</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para><symbol role="Variable">system</symbol>:<symbol role="Variable">display</symbol>[. <symbol role="Variable">screen</symbol>]</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>The host and display on which the results
are to be displayed</para></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
<para>The <command>remsh</command> command is often used when customizing
a menu to access other hosts.<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>running on another system &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm></para>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.21">
<title>Example</title>
<para>The following command runs <command>xload</command> on the remote host
named <command>there</command>, and directs output back to your system, <command>here</command>.</para>
<programlisting>remsh there -n /usr/bin/X11/xload -display here:0.0 &amp;
</programlisting>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="UG.UTrmE.div.22">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.7">Customizing dtterm</title>
<para>There are several ways in which you can customize <command>dtterm</command>:
</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>Run it with special options,
such as the menu bar and scroll bar</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Run the terminal emulator on another system</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Change global options such as cursor style and
background color</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Change terminal options such as keyboard and screen
control</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.23">
<title>Displaying the Menu Bar</title>
<indexterm><primary>removing</primary><secondary>menu bar from Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>menu bar</primary><secondary>removing from Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>removing menu bar from window</secondary></indexterm>
<para>By default, <command>dtterm</command> appears with a menu bar. You can
remove it if you wish.</para>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.24" role="Procedure">
<title>To Remove the Menu Bar</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Choose Menu Bar from the Options menu.</para>
<para>The menu bar disappears from the <command>dtterm</command> window.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.25" role="Procedure">
<title>To Restore the Menu Bar</title>
<indexterm><primary>restoring</primary><secondary>menu bar to Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>restoring menu bar to window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>menu bar</primary><secondary>restoring to Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Click mouse button 3 anywhere within the <command>dtterm</command> window.</para>
<para>A pop-up menu appears containing items identical to those of the menu
bar.
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.7" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.7"></graphic>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>Choose Menu Bar from the Options menu.</para>
<para>The menu bar appears at the top of the <command>dtterm</command> window.
</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.26">
<title>Displaying the Scroll Bar</title>
<para>By default, <command>dtterm</command> appears without a scroll bar.
</para>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.27" role="Procedure">
<title>To Display the Scroll Bar</title>
<indexterm><primary>restoring</primary><secondary>scroll bar to Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>restoring scroll bar to window</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>scroll bar</primary><secondary>restoring to Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Choose Scroll Bar from the Options menu.</para>
<para>The scroll bar appears in the <command>dtterm</command> window.<literal><indexterm>
<primary>removing</primary><secondary>scroll bar from Terminal window</secondary>
</indexterm><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>removing scroll
bar from window</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>scroll bar</primary>
<secondary>removing from Terminal window</secondary></indexterm></literal></para>
<para>To remove the scroll bar from the window, choose Scroll Bar from the
Options menu again.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.28">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.8">dtterm Global Options</title>
<para>There are four areas that you can control from the Global Options dialog
box:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>Cursor control</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Color control</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Scroll behavior</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Bell control</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>Global Options dialog box</secondary></indexterm>To display the Global Options
dialog box, choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.8" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.8"></graphic>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.29">
<title>Cursor Control</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>cursor options &lt;$startrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>cursor options in Terminal &lt;$startrange></primary></indexterm>You can control three aspects of
the <command>dtterm</command> cursor:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>Cursor style</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Blinking cursor</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Blink rate</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.30" role="Procedure">
<title>To Determine Cursor Style</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Cursor Style button and choose the cursor
style option you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Box (the default)</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Underline</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>None (the cursor is invisible)</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para>The changes you make will be visible on existing <command>dtterm</command>
windows; you don't have to start a new one.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.31" role="Procedure">
<title>To Determine Cursor Blinking</title>
<para>The <command>dtterm</command> cursor blinks by default. You can turn
off the blinking or change the blink rate (see <!--Original XRef content:
'&xd2;To Set the Cursor Blink Rate'--><xref role="SectionTitle" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.9">).
</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Blinking Cursor button in the Cursor
Control section and choose to either have the cursor blink (Enabled) or not
blink (Disabled).</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para>Note that when this option is set to Disabled, the Blink Rate option
and text field are both inactive and appear dimmed.<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>cursor options &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>cursor options
in Terminal &lt;$endrange></primary>
</indexterm></para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.32" role="Procedure">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.9">To Set the Cursor Blink Rate</title>
<para>The blink rate determines how often the <command>dtterm</command> window's
cursor blinks. The default blink rate is 250 milliseconds. To change the
cursor blink rate:</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>In the Blink Rate text field, type the value in
milliseconds you want.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para>The changes you make will be visible on existing <command>dtterm</command>
windows; you don't have to start a new one.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.33" role="Procedure">
<title>To Switch Foreground and Background Colors (Color Control)</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Window Background button in the Color
Control section and choose the color display you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Normal displays the foreground
and background colors normally.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Inverse switches the foreground and background
colors.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.<indexterm>
<primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>color control in</secondary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>color</primary><secondary>in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm></para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.34" role="Procedure">
<title>To Determine Scroll Behavior</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>scroll behavior in</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>scrolling</primary><secondary>setting in Terminal window</secondary></indexterm>Smooth scrolling displays
each line sent to the Terminal window immediately, rather than storing it
in a buffer. This results in scrolling that is more pleasing to the eye,
but is slower. The default is smooth scrolling disabled. To enable smooth
scrolling:</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Smooth Scrolling button and choose the
type of scrolling you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Disabled (the default) disables
smooth scrolling.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Enabled starts smooth scrolling.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.35">
<title>Bell Control</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>bell options &lt;$startrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>bell options in Terminal &lt;$startrange></primary></indexterm>There are three types of Bell Control options
in <command>dtterm</command>:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>Bell type</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Margin warning</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Margin distance</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.36" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set the Bell Type</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Bell Type button in the Bell Control
section and choose the type of bell you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Audible (the default) causes
the bell to make a sound.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Visible causes the bell to blink the background
color.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.37" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set the Margin Warning</title>
<para>The Margin Warning option is used in conjunction with the Margin Distance
option to warn the user either visually or aurally that the cursor is within
a specified distance from the right margin. To set the margin warning:</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Margin Warning button in the Bell Control
section.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Choose Enabled or Disabled.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para>Note that the Margin Distance option (see <!--Original XRef content:
'&xd2;To Set the Margin Distance'--><xref role="SectionTitle" linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.10">)
is inactive when Margin Warning is disabled.</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.38" role="Procedure">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.10">To Set the Margin Distance</title>
<para>The Margin Distance option is only active when the Margin Warning option
is set to Enabled. You set the distance from the right margin of the <command>dtterm</command> window at which you want the bell to ring (or appear, if
Bell Type is set to Visible). The default value is 10 characters.</para>
<para>To change the distance:</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Global Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Global from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click inside the Margin Distance text field in
the Bell Control area and type the number of characters from the right margin
of the window at which you want the margin warning to be issued.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Global Options dialog
box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
<para>The changes you make will be visible on existing <command>dtterm</command>
windows; you don't have to start a new one.<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>bell options &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>bell options
in Terminal &lt;$endrange></primary>
</indexterm></para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.39">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.11">dtterm Terminal Options</title>
<para>There are two areas that you can control from the Terminal Options dialog
box:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>Keyboard control</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Screen control</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>To display the Terminal Options dialog box, choose
Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<graphic id="UG.UTrmE.igrph.9" entityref="UG.UTrmE.fig.9"></graphic>
<para><indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>Terminal Options dialog
box</secondary></indexterm>Changes you make through the Terminal Options dialog
box are effective on existing <command>dtterm</command> windows; you don't
have to start a new one.</para>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.40">
<title>Keyboard Control</title>
<para>You can control four aspects of your keyboard through the Terminal Options
dialog box:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>Cursor key mode</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Keypad mode</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Newline sequence</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>User function keys</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.41" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set the Cursor Key Mode</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary>
<secondary>keyboard options &lt;$startrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>keyboard</primary>
<secondary>options in Terminal &lt;$startrange></secondary></indexterm></para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Cursor Key Mode button in the Keyboard
Control section and choose the mode you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>In Normal mode (the default),
the cursor keys move the cursor in the specified direction.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>In Application mode, the cursor keys generate escape
sequences that the application uses for its own purpose.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.42" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set the Keypad Mode</title>
<para>The keypad mode determines the behavior of keys on the numeric keypad.
</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Keypad Mode button in the Keyboard Control
section and choose the mode you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>In Numeric mode, when keys on
the numeric keypad are pressed, the corresponding numeral is displayed in
the <command>dtterm</command> window.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>In Application mode, keys pressed on the numeric
keypad generate escape sequences that the application uses for its own purpose.
</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.43" role="Procedure">
<title>To Determine the Newline Sequence</title>
<para>The Newline Sequence option determines how carriage returns at the ends
of lines are treated.</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Newline Sequence button in the Keyboard
Control section and choose the mode you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Return Only (the default) generates
only a carriage return.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Return/Line Feed generates both a carriage return
and a line feed.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.44" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set the User Function Keys</title>
<para>The User Function Keys option either locks or unlocks (the default)
the user function keys.</para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the User Function Keys button in the Keyboard
Control section and choose Locked or Unlocked (the default).</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.<indexterm>
<primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>keyboard options &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>keyboard</primary>
<secondary>options in Terminal &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm></para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.45">
<title>Screen Control</title>
<para>There are three aspects of screen control in a <command>dtterm</command>
window:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para>132 column switching</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>End-of-line wrapping</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Reverse end-of-line-wrapping</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.46" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set 132 Column Switching</title>
<para>This option corresponds to the following <command>dtterm</command> command-line
options and resource:</para>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>screencontrol options</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>screen control options in Terminal</primary></indexterm>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para><command>-132</command></para>
</listitem><listitem><para><command>+132</command></para>
</listitem><listitem><para><command>c132</command></para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the 132 Column Switching button in the Keyboard
Control section and choose the mode you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Disabled (the default) does
not change the display when an application switches to 132 columns.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Enabled automatically enlarges the <command>dtterm</command> window to display 132 columns when the application switches to
132 columns.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.47" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set End-of-Line Wrapping</title>
<para>This option determines whether text wraps at the end of a line. It corresponds
to the following <command>dtterm</command> command-line options and resource:
</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para><command>-aw</command></para>
</listitem><listitem><para><command>+aw</command></para>
</listitem><listitem><para><command>autoWrap</command></para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the End-of-Line Wrapping button in the Keyboard
Control section and choose the mode you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Enabled means characters automatically
wrap to the next line when the end-of-line is reached.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Disabled means text does not wrap.</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.</para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="UG.UTrmE.div.48" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set Reverse End-of-Line Wrapping</title>
<para>This option determines the behavior of backspacing at the end of a line.
It corresponds to the following <command>dtterm</command> command-line options
and resource:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet1"><listitem><para><command>-rw</command></para>
</listitem><listitem><para><command>+rw</command></para>
</listitem><listitem><para><command>reverseWrap</command></para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>If the Terminal Options dialog box is not displayed,
choose Terminal from the Options menu.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click the Reverse End-of-Line Wrapping button in
the Keyboard Control section and choose the mode you want:</para>
<itemizedlist remap="Bullet2"><listitem><para>Enabled means backspace characters
automatically wrap to the next higher line when the end-of-line is reached.
</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Disabled (the default) means no wrapping occurs.
</para>
</listitem></itemizedlist>
</listitem><listitem><para>Click OK at the bottom of the Terminal Options
dialog box or press Return to save your selection and exit the window.</para>
<para>To save your selection and retain the window, click Apply.<indexterm>
<primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>screen control options &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>screen control options in Terminal &lt;$endrange></primary></indexterm></para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="UG.UTrmE.div.49">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.12">Terminal Control Characters</title>
<para>Because <command>dtterm</command>
only emulates a terminal, your control characters might not be what you are
used to on a physical terminal. The <command>ttyModes</command> resource
enables you to set control characters for your terminal emulator.</para>
<indexterm><primary>special characters</primary><secondary>in Terminal</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>control characters in</secondary></indexterm>
<indexterm><primary>control characters in Terminal</primary></indexterm>
<para>By default, Login Manager sets the control characters listed in <!--Original
XRef content: 'Table&numsp;12&hyphen;1'--><xref role="CodeOrFigureOrTable"
linkend="UG.UTrmE.mkr.13">.</para>
<table id="UG.UTrmE.tbl.1" frame="Topbot">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.13">Terminal Control Characters</title>
<tgroup cols="3" colsep="0" rowsep="0">
<colspec colwidth="1.55in">
<colspec colwidth="1.35in">
<colspec colwidth="3.12in">
<thead>
<row><entry align="left" valign="bottom"><para><literal>Control Name</literal></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="bottom"><para><literal>Character</literal></para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="bottom"><para><literal>Definition</literal></para></entry>
</row></thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>erase</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Control+H</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Backspace erases characters</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>intr</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Control+C</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Interrupt: Cancel the current operation
andredisplay the command-line prompt.</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>kill</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Control+U</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Stop an operation or application.</para></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>start</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Control+Q</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Accept keyboard input: Used to continue
an application that has been paused.</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>stop</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Control+S</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Do not accept keyboard input: Used
to pause an application.</para></entry></row>
<row>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>swtch</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Control+@</para></entry>
<entry align="left" valign="top"><para>Switch between layers in a shell.</para></entry>
</row></tbody></tgroup></table>
<para>For example, to interrupt an operation in progress, you press Control+C.
</para>
<para>The syntax for the <command>ttyModes</command> resource is:</para>
<para><filename>ttyModes:</filename> <emphasis>Control+C name</emphasis></para>
<para>where <symbol role="Variable">name</symbol> is the control, and <emphasis>C</emphasis> is the character. (^ is another way of expressing Control.)
For example, the default value of <command>ttyModes</command> describing
the preceding list is:</para>
<programlisting>ttyModes: erase ^H intr ^C kill ^U start ^Q stop ^S swtch ^@
</programlisting>
<sect2 id="UG.UTrmE.div.50" role="Procedure">
<title>To Set Terminal Control Characters</title>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>Use the EditResources action to update the <command>ttyModes</command> resource.</para>
</listitem><listitem><para>Choose Restart Workspace Manager from the Workspace
menu.<indexterm><primary>Terminal</primary><secondary>control characters
in &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm><indexterm>
<primary>control characters in Terminal &lt;$endrange></primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>special characters</primary><secondary>in Terminal &lt;$endrange></secondary></indexterm></para>
</listitem></orderedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="UG.UTrmE.div.51">
<title id="UG.UTrmE.mkr.14">Changing the Default Terminal Emulator</title>
<para><indexterm><primary>terminal emulator</primary><secondary>changing the
default</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>default terminal emulator</primary><secondary>changing</secondary></indexterm>There are several other
terminal emulators you can use in addition to <command>dtterm</command>.
You can start most of them from an existing terminal emulator command line;
however, if you want to consistently use a terminal emulator other than <command>dtterm</command>, you should change the default assignment. See
the <emphasis>Advanced User's and System Administrator's Guide</emphasis>
for more information.</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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