320 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
320 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
<!-- $XConsortium: Concepts.sgm /main/8 1996/09/08 22:26:48 rws $ -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Digital Equipment Corporation. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Hewlett-Packard Company. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 International Business Machines Corp. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Novell, Inc. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 FUJITSU LIMITED. -->
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<!-- (c) Copyright 1995 Hitachi. -->
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<!-- Help volume: Iconed -->
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<!-- File name: Concepts -->
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<Chapter Id="Concepts">
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<Title>Icon Editor Concepts</Title>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•" Role="tight">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.1">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="UsingIconEditorSI"></Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.2">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="IconDesignRecommendationsSI"></Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.3">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="IconFileNameConventionsSI"></Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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<Sect1 Id="UsingIconEditorSI">
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<Title>Getting Started with Icon Editor</Title>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>using: Icon Editor</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>Icon Editor: using</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>editing: icons</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>icons: editing</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<Para>Icon Editor enables you to create and edit images in two formats:
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</Para>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.4">
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<Para><Emphasis>X pixmap (XPM format)</Emphasis> -- Multicolor images that include static
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and dynamic colors. Pixmap files are normally identified by a <ComputerOutput>.pm</ComputerOutput>
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file-name extension.</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.5">
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<Para><Emphasis>X bitmap (XBM format)</Emphasis> -- Black-and-white images. Bitmap files
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are normally identified by a <ComputerOutput>.bm</ComputerOutput> file-name extension.</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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<Para>You draw images by selecting a tool and a color, and then drawing in the work
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area. As you draw, Icon Editor displays an actual-size copy of your icon
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in both formats. Even if you are drawing an image for use on color
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systems, you should be sure the black and white version is legible because
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icons may revert to the bitmap format if there are not enough free colors
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to display the full color version.</Para>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 Id="IconDesignRecommendationsSI">
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<Title>Icon Design Recommendations</Title>
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<Para>Try to use a common theme among related icons. For example, if you are
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designing icons for an application, have purposeful similarities between
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the application's icon and icons for related data files.</Para>
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<Para>Be sure the black-and-white version of any color icon you design is acceptable.
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If the icon is displayed on a monochrome or grayscale display (or if there
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are not enough colors available), the icon is automatically displayed in
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its black-and-white form.</Para>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•" Role="tight">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.6">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="ColorManagementAndUsageSI"></Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.7">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="IconSizeRecommendationsSI"></Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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<Sect2 Id="ColorManagementAndUsageSI">
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<Title>Color Usage</Title>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>color: usage in icons</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>icons: color usage</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<Para>Icons in the desktop use a palette of 22 colors:
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</Para>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.8">
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<Para>Eight static grays
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.9">
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<Para>Eight static colors: red, blue, green, cyan, magenta, yellow, black,
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and white
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.10">
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<Para>Six dynamic colors: foreground, background, top shadow, bottom shadow,
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select, and transparent
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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<Para>This palette is rich enough to create attractive, easy-to-read icons
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without taking too many color resources that may be needed by other
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applications.
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Icons provided with the desktop use mostly grays with color for accent.</Para>
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<Para>The dynamic colors are useful for icons that change color as different
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color palettes are selected in Style Manager.</Para>
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<Para>The transparent color is useful for creating icons that have the
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illusion of being nonrectangular, since it allows the color behind
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the icon to show through.</Para>
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</Sect2>
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<Sect2 Id="IconSizeRecommendationsSI">
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<Title>Icon Size Recommendations</Title>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>icons: size recommendations</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>size: icons</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<Para>Following are the recommended sizes -- in pixels, width×height -- for
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creating new icons.</Para>
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<Para>File Manager (Large):
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 32×32&newline;Medium resolution:32×32&newline;Low resolution: 32×32</Para>
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<Para>File Manager (Small):
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 16×16&newline;Medium resolution:16×16&newline;Low resolution: 16×16</Para>
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<Para>Application Manager (Large):
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 32×32&newline;Medium resolution:32×32&newline;Low resolution: 32×32</Para>
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<Para>Application Manager (Small):
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 16×16&newline;Medium resolution:16×16&newline;Low resolution: 16×16</Para>
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<Para>Front Panel:
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 48×48&newline;Medium resolution:48×48&newline;Low resolution: 32×32</Para>
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<Para>Front Panel Subpanels:
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 32×32&newline;Medium resolution:32×32&newline;Low resolution: 16×16</Para>
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<Para>Minimized Windows:
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 48×48&newline;Medium resolution:48×48&newline;Low resolution: 32×32</Para>
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<Para>Desktop:
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</Para>
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<Para Role="indent">High resolution: 32×32&newline;Medium resolution:32×32&newline;Low resolution: 32×32</Para>
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<Para>Backdrop images can be any size. The pattern is repeated to fill the
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entire workspace.</Para>
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<Procedure>
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<Title>See Also</Title>
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<Step>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•" Role="tight">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.11">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="ToResizeTheCurrentIconTA"></Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Step>
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</Procedure>
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</Sect2>
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</Sect1>
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<Sect1 Id="IconFileNameConventionsSI">
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<Title>Icon File-Name Conventions</Title>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>icons: how files are found</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>image files: see icons</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>icons: naming conventions</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary><ComputerOutput>.pm</ComputerOutput> file-name</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary><ComputerOutput>.bm</ComputerOutput> file-name</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>bitmaps: how files are found</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>pixmaps: how files are found</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>conventions, image file naming</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<Para>Each icon and backdrop image is stored as a separate file.
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Typically, an
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icon is specified with just the base part of its file name. For example,
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an icon might be referenced with just the name <ComputerOutput>mail</ComputerOutput> when the file is
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actually stored as:</Para>
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<ProgramListing>/usr/dt/appconfig/icons/<Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol>/mail.l.pm</ProgramListing>
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<Para>The file-naming convention of adding suffixes helps group icons by size and
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type. For desktop components, many icon names are in these general
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formats:</Para>
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<ProgramListing><Symbol Role="Variable">basename</Symbol>.<Symbol Role="Variable">size</Symbol>.<Symbol Role="Variable">format</Symbol>
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<Symbol Role="Variable">basename</Symbol>.<Symbol Role="Variable">format</Symbol>
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</ProgramListing>
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<Para>where <Symbol Role="Variable">basename</Symbol> is the image name used to reference the image, <Symbol Role="Variable">size</Symbol>
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is a single letter indicating the icon size, and
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<Symbol Role="Variable">format</Symbol> is <ComputerOutput>pm</ComputerOutput> for X pixmaps or <ComputerOutput>bm</ComputerOutput> for X bitmaps.</Para>
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<Para>The valid icon sizes are:</Para>
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<VariableList>
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<VarListEntry>
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<Term>Name</Term>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>Size Suffix
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</VarListEntry>
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<VarListEntry>
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<Term>Tiny</Term>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>16×16 <Symbol Role="Variable">t</Symbol>
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</VarListEntry>
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<VarListEntry>
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<Term>Small</Term>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>24×24 <Symbol Role="Variable">s</Symbol>
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</VarListEntry>
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<VarListEntry>
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<Term>Medium</Term>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>32×32 <Symbol Role="Variable">m</Symbol>
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</VarListEntry>
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<VarListEntry>
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<Term>Large</Term>
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<ListItem>
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<Para>48×48 <Symbol Role="Variable">l</Symbol>
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</VarListEntry>
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</VariableList>
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<Para>For example, suppose you specify an icon named <ComputerOutput>mail</ComputerOutput> for a file type
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you've written. If you have a color display and have set the File Manager
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preferences to use small icons, the assumed icon name is <ComputerOutput>mail.s.pm</ComputerOutput>
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(the <ComputerOutput>s</ComputerOutput> represents small, and <ComputerOutput>pm</ComputerOutput> is for <Symbol Role="Variable">pixmap</Symbol>, the color
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icon format).</Para>
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<Procedure>
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<Title>Search Paths</Title>
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<Step>
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<Para>The directory where an image is stored is determined by searching for the
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file in a list of directories. This list of directories is defined
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by a "search path" for icons.</Para>
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<Para>If you are using a color display, the desktop searches for files ending
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in <ComputerOutput>.pm</ComputerOutput> first. Otherwise, it looks for files ending in <ComputerOutput>.bm</ComputerOutput>.</Para>
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<Para>If an image is specified with a complete path name, the search
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path is not used.</Para>
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</Step>
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</Procedure>
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<Procedure>
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<Title>See Also</Title>
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<Step>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•" Role="tight">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.12">
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<Para><XRef Linkend="IconSearchPathsSI"> lists the search path specifications.
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</Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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</Step>
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</Procedure>
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<Sect2 Id="StoringIconFilesTO">
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<Title>Storing Icon Files</Title>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>storing icon files</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>icon file: storing</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<Para>By default, the desktop components look in these directories for icon files:
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</Para>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.13">
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<Para>Personal icons: <ComputerOutput>/<Symbol Role="Variable">HomeDirectory</Symbol>/.dt/icons</ComputerOutput></Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.14">
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<Para>System-wide icons: <ComputerOutput>/etc/dt/appconfig/icons/<Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol></ComputerOutput></Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.15">
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<Para>Built-in icons: <ComputerOutput>/usr/dt/appconfig/icons/<Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol></ComputerOutput></Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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<Para>For English icons, use <ComputerOutput>C</ComputerOutput> for <Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol>.</Para>
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</Sect2>
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<Sect2 Id="StoringBackdropImageFilesTO">
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<Title>Storing Backdrop Image Files</Title>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>backdrop: storing backdrop image files</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<IndexTerm>
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<Primary>image file: storing backdrop</Primary>
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</IndexTerm>
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<Para>Each backdrop listed in the Style Manager Backdrop dialog box represents
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an image file. By default, Style Manager looks for backdrops in these
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directories:
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</Para>
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<ItemizedList Mark="•">
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.16">
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<Para>System-wide images: <ComputerOutput>/etc/dt/appconfig/backdrops/<Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol></ComputerOutput></Para>
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</ListItem>
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<ListItem Id="HICND.CNCP.item.17">
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<Para>Built-in images: <ComputerOutput>/usr/dt/backdrops/<Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol></ComputerOutput></Para>
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</ListItem>
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</ItemizedList>
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<Para>If you create a new backdrop image that you want all system users to
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be able to access,
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place the backdrop image in <ComputerOutput>/etc/dt/appconfig/backdrops/<Symbol Role="Variable">language</Symbol></ComputerOutput>.
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To restrict access to a backdrop image to particular users, put the
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backdrop image in a different directory and add that directory to
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the <ComputerOutput>*backdropDirectories</ComputerOutput> resource for those users.</Para>
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<!-- EOF: Concepts -->
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</Sect2>
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</Sect1>
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</Chapter>
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<!--fickle 1.15 help-to-docbook 1.4 01/17/96 16:36:17-->
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