Document fog functions Gfx_SetFog(2) and Play_SetFog (#1922)

* Document fog functions Gfx_SetFog(2) and Play_SetFog

* review

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Tharo <17233964+Thar0@users.noreply.github.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: Dragorn421 <Dragorn421@users.noreply.github.com>

src/code/z_play.c

@@ -224,6 +224,10 @@ void func_800BC88C(PlayState* this) {
     this->transitionCtx.transitionType = -1;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Set the environment fog, from parameters controlled by the environment system.
+ * If a custom fog state is used at any point in drawing, the environment fog is expected to be restored afterwards.
+ */
 Gfx* Play_SetFog(PlayState* this, Gfx* gfx) {
     return Gfx_SetFog2(gfx, this->lightCtx.fogColor[0], this->lightCtx.fogColor[1], this->lightCtx.fogColor[2], 0,
                        this->lightCtx.fogNear, 1000);

src/code/z_rcp.c

@@ -854,28 +854,50 @@ Gfx gEmptyDL[] = {
     gsSPEndDisplayList(),
 };
 
+/**
+ * Set fog color and range.
+ *
+ * At or prior to fog near, geometry is unaffected by fog. At or beyond fog far, geometry is fully fogged.
+ * Between near and far, rendered geometry will be blended between the unfogged color and the supplied fog color.
+ *
+ * Fog far should be in the range 0 to 1000 and greater than or equal to fog near. If fog near is negative everything
+ * will be fully fogged. If fog near is 1000 or greater there is no fog.
+ */
 Gfx* Gfx_SetFog(Gfx* gfx, s32 r, s32 g, s32 b, s32 a, s32 near, s32 far) {
+    // Avoid 0 divisor in gSPFogPosition below
     if (far == near) {
         far++;
     }
-
     ASSERT(near != far, "n != f", "../z_rcp.c", 1155);
 
+    // Set the fog color, far away geometry will be rendered as this solid color.
     gDPSetFogColor(gfx++, r, g, b, a);
 
     if (near >= 1000) {
+        // Set a constant shade alpha of 0 for no fog
         gSPFogFactor(gfx++, 0, 0);
-    } else if (near >= 997) {
+    } else if (near > 996) {
-        gSPFogFactor(gfx++, 0x7FFF, 0x8100);
+        // Avoid an overflow when near and far are close (see bug below), by effectively clamping near to ~996.
+        // This is almost SPFogPosition(996.0937f, 1000)
+        gSPFogFactor(gfx++, 0x7FFF, -0x7F00);
     } else if (near < 0) {
+        // Set a constant shade alpha of 255 for fully fogged
         gSPFogFactor(gfx++, 0, 255);
     } else {
+        // Normal range. Shade alpha is 0 at z <= near and 255 at z >= far, linearly interpolated in between.
+        //! @bug If far - near < 4, the computed `fm` fog factor coefficient will overflow.
+        //! For example: 128000 / (983 - 980) > 32767
+        //! This is handled above in the case of near > 996, but the general case is not accounted for.
         gSPFogPosition(gfx++, near, far);
     }
-
     return gfx;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Like Gfx_SetFog but issues a pipesync before changing fog color.
+ *
+ * @see Gfx_SetFog
+ */
 Gfx* Gfx_SetFogWithSync(Gfx* gfx, s32 r, s32 g, s32 b, s32 a, s32 near, s32 far) {
     if (far == near) {
         far++;
@@ -898,6 +920,11 @@ Gfx* Gfx_SetFogWithSync(Gfx* gfx, s32 r, s32 g, s32 b, s32 a, s32 near, s32 far)
     return gfx;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Wrapper for Gfx_SetFog
+ *
+ * @see Gfx_SetFog
+ */
 Gfx* Gfx_SetFog2(Gfx* gfx, s32 r, s32 g, s32 b, s32 a, s32 near, s32 far) {
     return Gfx_SetFog(gfx, r, g, b, a, near, far);
 }