mirror of https://github.com/zxdos/zxuno.git
Manual 1.3.1
Añadido esquema de particiones para +3e y core de Spectrum Añadido manual en HTML
This commit is contained in:
kounch
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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= ZXDOS+ and gomaDOS+ Manual
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:author: kounch
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:revnumber: 1.3.0
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:revnumber: 1.3.1
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:doctype: book
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:front-cover-image: image:img/portada.jpg[]
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:email: kounch@users.noreply.github.com
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ In order to take advantage of its full potential, you may also have:
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==== microSD card formatting
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In order to use a microSD card, it has to be formmatted with, at least, one FAT16 or FAT32 format (depending on the case, one or the other format is recommended for compatibility with different third-party cores). It must be the first partition if there are more than one, except for the Spectrum core wich can use the first partition in +3DOS format, and then the second one in FAT16 or FAT32 format.
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In order to use a microSD card, it has to be formmatted with, at least, one FAT16 or FAT32 format (depending on the case, one or the other format is recommended for compatibility with different third-party cores). It must be the first partition if there are more than one, except for the Spectrum core wich can have <<#_microsd_advanced_format_3e,the first partition in +3DOS format, and then the second one in FAT16 or FAT32 format>> to use with a +3e ROM.
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[NOTE]
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====
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@ -525,6 +525,270 @@ These are some of its main characteristics:
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- User selectable vertical refresh rate to improve compatibility with VGA monitors.
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- Multicore boot support: from the Spectrum you can select an address of the SPI Flash and the FPGA will load a core from there.
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<<<<
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=== microSD advanced format (+3e)
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ZX Spectrum +3e is one ROM that can be used with ZX Spectrum core. This is an improved Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3, wich can use hard disks or memory cards.
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+3e uses its own partition format (called IDEDOS), to split de hard disk into several partitions to store data. ROM version 1.28 and later can share IDEDOS partitions with MBR partitions. In other case, you must reserve the whole card for IDEDOS partitions.
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[WARNING]
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====
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The following partition scheme can only be used with ZX Spectrum core.
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====
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[TIP]
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====
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Each partition in IDEDOS can be between 1 and 16 Megabytes (1 million bytes) in size, and each disk can have between 1 and 65535 partitions. This means that the maximum space used in a card is about 1GB.
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====
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This is one method to split a card into two or three parts, with the first partition IDEDOS (1GB), the second one FAT16 (4GB) and the third one FAT32 (using the remaining space in the card).
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exsdos and other programs can be installed into the second partition <<#_esxdos,as explained earlier>>.
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==== Windows
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You can use Windows Disk Management utility. The steps are:
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. Remove all partitions from the card
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. Create a new extended partition, using the desired space for IDEDOS
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. Create a primary partition, 4GB in size, and format as FAT16
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. Optionally, create another primary partition using the remaining space and format as FAT32
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==== MacOS
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You will have to use the command line. The first task is to find out which device is the disk to format:
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[source,shell]
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----
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diskutil list
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----
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For this example, it will be disk 6:
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[source]
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----
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(...)
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/dev/disk6 (external, physical):
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#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
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0: FDisk_partition_scheme *15.9 GB disk6
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1: DOS_FAT_32 UNKNOWN 15.9 GB disk6s1
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----
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<<<<
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Instruction steps:
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. Unmount the disk and edit the partition sceme (the second step requires admin privileges):
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[source,shell]
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----
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diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk6
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sudo fdisk -e /dev/rdisk6
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----
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[source]
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----
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fdisk: could not open MBR file /usr/standalone/i386/boot0: No such file or directory
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Enter 'help' for information
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fdisk: 1> erase
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fdisk:*1> edit 1
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 7F
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [63] 128
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Partition size [1 - 31116287]: [31116287] 2017152
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fdisk:*1> edit 2
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0E
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [2017280]
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Partition size [1 - 29099135]: [29099135] 7812504
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fdisk:*1> flag 2
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fdisk:*1> edit 3
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0B
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [9829784]
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Partition size [1 - 21286504]: [21286504]
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fdisk:*1> print
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Starting Ending
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#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1: 7F 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 128 - 2017152] <Unknown ID>
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2: 0E 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 2017280 - 7812504] DOS FAT-16
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3: 0B 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 9829784 - 21286504] Win95 FAT-32
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4: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
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fdisk:*1> write
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fdisk: 1> quit
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----
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[start=2]
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. Format the FAT partitions (admin privileges required)
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[source,shell]
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----
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diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk6
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sudo newfs_msdos -F 16 -v ZXDOSPLUS -b 4096 -c 128 /dev/rdisk6s2
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sudo newfs_msdos -F 32 -v EXTRA -b 4096 -c 128 /dev/rdisk6s3
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----
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[start=3]
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. Confirm that the new partition scheme has been applied:
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[source,shell]
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----
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diskutil list
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----
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[source]
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----
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(...)
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/dev/disk6 (external, physical):
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#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
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0: FDisk_partition_scheme *15.9 GB disk6
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1: 0x7F 1.0 GB disk6s1
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2: Windows_FAT_16 ZXDOSPLUS 4.0 GB disk6s2
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3: DOS_FAT_32 EXTRA 10.9 GB disk6s3
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----
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==== Linux
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You can use the command line. First, find out the device to erase:
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[source,shell]
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----
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lsblk
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----
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For this example, it will be `sdc`:
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[source]
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----
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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(..)
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sdc 179:0 0 15,8G 0 disk
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└─sdc1 179:1 0 15,8G 0 part
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----
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<<<<
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Instructions:
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. Verify that the disk isn't mounted and edit the partition scheme (this step requires root privileges):
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[source,shell]
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----
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sudo fdisk -e /dev/sdc
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----
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[source]
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----
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Enter 'help' for information
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fdisk: 1> erase
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fdisk:*1> edit 1
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 7F
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [63] 128
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Partition size [1 - 31116287]: [31116287] 2017152
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fdisk:*1> edit 2
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0E
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [2017280]
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Partition size [1 - 29099135]: [29099135] 7812504
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fdisk:*1> flag 2
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fdisk:*1> edit 3
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0B
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [9829784]
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Partition size [1 - 21286504]: [21286504]
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fdisk:*1> print
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Starting Ending
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#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1: 7F 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 128 - 2017152] <Unknown ID>
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2: 0E 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 2017280 - 7812504] DOS FAT-16
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3: 0B 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 9829784 - 21286504] Win95 FAT-32
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4: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
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fdisk:*1> write
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fdisk: 1> quit
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----
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[start=2]
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. Format both FAT partitions (requires root privileges)
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[source,shell]
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----
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sudo mkfs.fat -F 16 /dev/sdc2
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sudo mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sdc3
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----
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<<<<
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[start=3]
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. Confirm that the partition scheme has been changed:
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[source,shell]
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----
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lsblk
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----
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[source]
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----
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
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(...)
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sda 179:0 0 15,8G 0 disk
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├─sda1 179:1 0 1G 0 part
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├─sda2 179:2 0 4G 0 part
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├─sda3 179:3 0 10,8G 0 part
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----
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==== +3e
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Once the microSD card is ready to use, you can start Spectrum core with a +3e ROM and format the IDEDOS part.
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The first step is determine the disk geometry. With the cart inserted into the ZXDOS+, type the command:
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[source,basic]
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----
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CAT TAB
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----
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This will give a result showing the number of https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector[cylinders, heads and sectors].
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Whith this info, we estimate the size of our partition, using cylinders. For example, if the number of cylinders is 32768, and we want to use 1GB of a 16GB card, the number of cylinders needes would be 32768/16=2048. This way, the IDEDOS partition can be formatted using that number:
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[source,basic]
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----
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FORMAT TO 0,100,2048
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----
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The first value (`0`) is the drive to use (the first one), the second value is the maximum number of IDEDOS partitions, and the third one yis the number of cylinders to use.
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Once formatted, you can create new partitions. For example, to create a 16MB partition with the name "Software", another 4GB partition named "Swap" (to use as swap) and another one name "Utils", 8MB in size:
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[source,basic]
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----
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NEW DATA "Software",16
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NEW EXP "Swap1",4
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NEW DATA "Utils",8
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----
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For more information about the different +3e disk commands , you can check https://worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/index.html[this page at World of Spectrum].
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<<<
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=== Keyboard
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The keyboard map (physical keys of the keyboard assignment to the keystrokes that are presented to the different cores) is changed using the `Advanced` menu of the BIOS. There are three different maps to choose from: Spanish (default), English, and Spectrum (advanced).
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@ -2305,6 +2569,10 @@ https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NI0zgCDRk7c-5CVi-lfZEK6q8Lnpnco7PhpsEEdxD60/
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http://www.zxuno.com/wiki/index.php/ZX_Spectrum[Core ZX Spectrum]
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https://worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/index.html[The ZX Spectrum +3e Homepage]
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https://worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/sharingdisks.html[Sharing a +3e disk with PC (FAT) partitions]
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http://www.zxuno.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=208[Layouts de teclado]
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https://github.com/spark2k06/zxunops2/blob/master/Alternative/Nuevo%20firmware%20de%20teclado%20ZX-GO%2B.pdf[Firmware de teclado para ZX Go+]
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Binary file not shown.
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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= Manual de ZXDOS+ y gomaDOS+
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:author: kounch
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:revnumber: 1.3.0
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:revnumber: 1.3.1
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:doctype: book
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:front-cover-image: image:img/portada.jpg[]
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:email: kounch@users.noreply.github.com
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@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Para poder aprovechar todo su potencial, es útil tener también:
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==== Formato de la tarjeta microSD
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Para poder utilizar una tarjeta microSD, esta debe tener, al menos, una partición (la primera en el caso de haber varias) en formato FAT16 o FAT32 (según el caso, se recomienda uno u otro formato para compatibilidad con distintos cores de terceros). Para el core de Spectrum, tambén es posible tener una primera partición en formato +3DOS y luego otra en formato FAT16 o FAT32.
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Para poder utilizar una tarjeta microSD, esta debe tener, al menos, una partición (la primera en el caso de haber varias) en formato FAT16 o FAT32 (según el caso, se recomienda uno u otro formato para compatibilidad con distintos cores de terceros). Para el core de Spectrum, tambén es posible tener <<#_formato_avanzado_de_la_tarjeta_microsd_3e,una primera partición en formato +3DOS y luego otra(s) en formato FAT16 o FAT32>>, para su uso con una ROM de +3e.
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[NOTE]
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====
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@ -523,6 +523,273 @@ Estas son algunas de sus principales características:
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- Frecuencia de refresco vertical seleccionable por el usuario para mejorar la compatibilidad con monitores VGA.
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- Soporte de arranque multicore: desde el Spectrum se puede seleccionar una dirección de la SPI Flash y la FPGA cargará un core desde ahí.
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<<<<
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=== Formato avanzado de la tarjeta microSD (+3e)
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Una de las ROM que se pueden cargar con el core de ZX Spectrum es la de ZX Spectrum +3e, que es una versión mejorada del Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3, y que soporta el uso de discos duros o tarjetas de memoria.
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El +3e usa su propio esquema de particionado (llamado IDEDOS) para dividir el disco duro en diferentes particiones donde se pueden almacenar datos. Se necesita una version 1.28 o superior de la ROM para poder compartir particiones IDEDOS con particiones MBR. En otro caso, se ha dedicar la tarjeta completa al particionado IDEDOS.
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[WARNING]
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====
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El esquema de particionado que se presentará a continuación sólo se podrá utilizar con el core de Spectrum.
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====
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[TIP]
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====
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En IDEDOS, cada partición puede tener un tamaño entre 1 y 16 Megabytes (un millón de bytes), y cada disco puede tener entre 1 y 65535 particiones. Por tanto, lo máximo que se puede ocupar de una tarjeta será alrededor de 1GB de espacio.
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====
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A continuación se explica una forma de dividir una tarjeta en dos o tres partes, con la primera partición IDEDOS (1GB de tamaño), la segunda FAT16 (4GB) y la tercera FAT32 (resto del espacio de la tarjeta).
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En la segunda particion se puede instalar, tal y como se explicó anteriormente <<#_esxdos,exsdos>> y otros programas.
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==== Windows
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Se puede utilizar el administrador de discos de Windows. Los pasos a seguir serían:
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. Eliminar todas las particiones de la tarjeta
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. Crear una partición extendida, del tamaño que se quiera utilizar para IDEDOS
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. Crear una partición primaria de 4GB y formatear como FAT16
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. Opcionalmente, crear otra partición primaria ocupando el resto del espacio y formatear como FAT32
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<<<<
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==== MacOS
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Será necesario utilizar la línea de comandos. Lo primero es determinar el disco a formatear:
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[source,shell]
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----
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diskutil list
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----
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En este ejemplo sería el disco 6:
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[source]
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----
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(...)
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/dev/disk6 (external, physical):
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#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
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0: FDisk_partition_scheme *15.9 GB disk6
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1: DOS_FAT_32 UNKNOWN 15.9 GB disk6s1
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----
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Pasos a seguir:
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. Expulsar el disco y editar el esquema de particiones (el segundo paso requiere permisos de administrador):
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[source,shell]
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----
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diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk6
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sudo fdisk -e /dev/rdisk6
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----
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[source]
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----
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fdisk: could not open MBR file /usr/standalone/i386/boot0: No such file or directory
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Enter 'help' for information
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fdisk: 1> erase
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fdisk:*1> edit 1
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 7F
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [63] 128
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Partition size [1 - 31116287]: [31116287] 2017152
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fdisk:*1> edit 2
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0E
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [2017280]
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Partition size [1 - 29099135]: [29099135] 7812504
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fdisk:*1> flag 2
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----
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[source]
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----
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fdisk:*1> edit 3
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Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0B
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Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
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Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [9829784]
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Partition size [1 - 21286504]: [21286504]
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|
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fdisk:*1> print
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Starting Ending
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#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
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------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1: 7F 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 128 - 2017152] <Unknown ID>
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2: 0E 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 2017280 - 7812504] DOS FAT-16
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3: 0B 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 9829784 - 21286504] Win95 FAT-32
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4: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
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fdisk:*1> write
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fdisk: 1> quit
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----
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[start=2]
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. Formatear las particiones FAT (requiere permisos de administrador)
|
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[source,shell]
|
||||
----
|
||||
diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk6
|
||||
sudo newfs_msdos -F 16 -v ZXDOSPLUS -b 4096 -c 128 /dev/rdisk6s2
|
||||
sudo newfs_msdos -F 32 -v EXTRA -b 4096 -c 128 /dev/rdisk6s3
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[start=3]
|
||||
. Comprobar cómo el esquema de particiones ha cambiado y ya es el que se deseaba:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,shell]
|
||||
----
|
||||
diskutil list
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[source]
|
||||
----
|
||||
(...)
|
||||
/dev/disk6 (external, physical):
|
||||
#: TYPE NAME SIZE IDENTIFIER
|
||||
0: FDisk_partition_scheme *15.9 GB disk6
|
||||
1: 0x7F 1.0 GB disk6s1
|
||||
2: Windows_FAT_16 ZXDOSPLUS 4.0 GB disk6s2
|
||||
3: DOS_FAT_32 EXTRA 10.9 GB disk6s3
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
==== Linux
|
||||
|
||||
Será necesario utilizar la línea de comandos. Lo primero es determinar el disco a formatear:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,shell]
|
||||
----
|
||||
lsblk
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
<<<<
|
||||
|
||||
En este ejemplo sería `sdc`:
|
||||
|
||||
[source]
|
||||
----
|
||||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||||
(..)
|
||||
sdc 179:0 0 15,8G 0 disk
|
||||
└─sdc1 179:1 0 15,8G 0 part
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Pasos a seguir:
|
||||
|
||||
. Comprobar que no está montado y editar el esquema de particiones (este paso requiere permisos de root):
|
||||
|
||||
[source,shell]
|
||||
----
|
||||
sudo fdisk -e /dev/sdc
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[source]
|
||||
----
|
||||
Enter 'help' for information
|
||||
fdisk: 1> erase
|
||||
fdisk:*1> edit 1
|
||||
Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 7F
|
||||
Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
|
||||
Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [63] 128
|
||||
Partition size [1 - 31116287]: [31116287] 2017152
|
||||
|
||||
fdisk:*1> edit 2
|
||||
Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0E
|
||||
Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
|
||||
Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [2017280]
|
||||
Partition size [1 - 29099135]: [29099135] 7812504
|
||||
|
||||
fdisk:*1> flag 2
|
||||
|
||||
fdisk:*1> edit 3
|
||||
Partition id ('0' to disable) [0 - FF]: [0] (? for help) 0B
|
||||
Do you wish to edit in CHS mode? [n]
|
||||
Partition offset [0 - 31116288]: [9829784]
|
||||
Partition size [1 - 21286504]: [21286504]
|
||||
|
||||
fdisk:*1> print
|
||||
Starting Ending
|
||||
#: id cyl hd sec - cyl hd sec [ start - size]
|
||||
------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
1: 7F 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 128 - 2017152] <Unknown ID>
|
||||
2: 0E 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 2017280 - 7812504] DOS FAT-16
|
||||
3: 0B 1023 254 63 - 1023 254 63 [ 9829784 - 21286504] Win95 FAT-32
|
||||
4: 00 0 0 0 - 0 0 0 [ 0 - 0] unused
|
||||
|
||||
fdisk:*1> write
|
||||
fdisk: 1> quit
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[start=2]
|
||||
. Formatear las particiones FAT (requiere permisos de root)
|
||||
|
||||
[source,shell]
|
||||
----
|
||||
sudo mkfs.fat -F 16 /dev/sdc2
|
||||
sudo mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sdc3
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[start=3]
|
||||
. Verificar que el esquema de particiones ha cambiado y ya es el que se quería:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,shell]
|
||||
----
|
||||
lsblk
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
[source]
|
||||
----
|
||||
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
|
||||
(...)
|
||||
sda 179:0 0 15,8G 0 disk
|
||||
├─sda1 179:1 0 1G 0 part
|
||||
├─sda2 179:2 0 4G 0 part
|
||||
├─sda3 179:3 0 10,8G 0 part
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
==== +3e
|
||||
|
||||
Una vez preparada la tarjeta para su uso, se puede arrancar el core de Spectrum con una ROM de +3e, y formatear la parte de IDEDOS según se desee.
|
||||
|
||||
El primer paso consiste en determinar la geometría de la microSD. Con la tarjeta insertada en el ZXDOS+, desde el core de Spectrum con la ROM de +3e, ejecutar el comando:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,basic]
|
||||
----
|
||||
CAT TAB
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Esto devoverá un resultado indicando el número de https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilindro-Cabezal-Sector[cilindros, cabezales y sectores].
|
||||
|
||||
Teniendo esto en cuenta, calculamos el espacio que ocupa nuestra partición, en cilindros. Por ejemplo, si el número de cilindros obtenido es de 32768, y queremos utilizar 1GB de una tarjeta de 16GB, el número de cilindros que se necesitarían son 32768/16=2048. Por tanto, podemos formatear la partición IDEDOS usando ese número:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,basic]
|
||||
----
|
||||
FORMAT TO 0,100,2048
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
El primer valor (`0`) indica el disco a utilizar (el primero), el segundo valor es el número máximo de particiones IDEDOS que se podrán usar, y el tercer valor es el número de cilindros a utilizar.
|
||||
|
||||
<<<<
|
||||
|
||||
Una vez hecho el formato, ya será posible crear nuevas particiones. Por ejemplo, para crear una partición llamada "Software" de 16MB, una llamada "Swap1", de 4MB (para usar como espacio swap) y otra llamada "Utils" de 8MB:
|
||||
|
||||
[source,basic]
|
||||
----
|
||||
NEW DATA "Software",16
|
||||
NEW EXP "Swap1",4
|
||||
NEW DATA "Utils",8
|
||||
----
|
||||
|
||||
Para más información sobre el uso de los distintos comandos de +3e para acceso al disco, se puede visitar https://worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/espanol/index.html[esta página en World of Spectrum].
|
||||
|
||||
<<<
|
||||
|
||||
=== Teclado
|
||||
|
||||
El mapa de teclado (asignación de las teclas físicas del teclado con las pulsaciones que se presentan a los distinto cores) se cambia desde el menú `Advanced` de la BIOS. Existen tres mapas distintos a elegir: Español (por defecto), inglés, y Spectrum (avanzado).
|
||||
|
|
@ -2307,6 +2574,10 @@ https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NI0zgCDRk7c-5CVi-lfZEK6q8Lnpnco7PhpsEEdxD60/
|
|||
|
||||
http://www.zxuno.com/wiki/index.php/ZX_Spectrum[Core ZX Spectrum]
|
||||
|
||||
https://worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/index.html[The ZX Spectrum +3e Homepage]
|
||||
|
||||
https://worldofspectrum.org/zxplus3e/sharingdisks.html[Sharing a +3e disk with PC (FAT) partitions]
|
||||
|
||||
http://www.zxuno.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=37&t=208[Layouts de teclado]
|
||||
|
||||
https://github.com/spark2k06/zxunops2/blob/master/Alternative/Nuevo%20firmware%20de%20teclado%20ZX-GO%2B.pdf[Firmware de teclado para ZX Go+]
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in New Issue